ZOO514 — Principles of Animal Life-1 (Practical)

Lectures (272)

Tests for Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids | Principles of Animal Life1 Practical | ZOO514P_Lecture01

Concept of Zoology | Principles of Animal life 1 | ZOO514T_Topic001

Plasmolysis and De-Plasmolysis in Blood, Preparation of Blood Smears | Practical | ZOO514P_Lecture03

Significance of Zoology | Principles of Animal life 1 | ZOO514T_Topic002

Applications of Zoology | Principles of Animal l ZOO514T_Topic003

Fundamental Properties of Life | Principles of Animal life 1 | ZOO514T_Topic004

One World View | Principles of Animal life 1 | ZOO514T_Topic005

Specializations in Zoology-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic006

Specializations in Zoology-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic007

Animal Diversity | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic008

Hierarchy of relatedness I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic009

Hierarchy of relatedness II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic010

World Resources-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic011

World Resources-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic012

Population of the World | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic013

The Scientific Method: Observations | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic014

The Scientific Method: hypothesis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic015

The Scientific Method: Theory | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic016

The Scientific Method: Scientific Law | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic017

Experimental Vs Evolutionary Sciences | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic018

Origin of life: Synthesis of organic molecules | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic019

Origin of life: Origin of Living organisms | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic020

Chemistry of Life | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic021

Biomolecules| Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic022

Chemical Composition and Occurrence| Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic023

Monosaccharides | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic024

Different Classes of Carbohydrates: Disaccharides | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic025

Different Classes of Carbohydrates Polysaccharides | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic026

Carbohydrates as energy source structural support | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic027

Lipids: Chemical composition and occurrence | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic028

Fatty acids | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic029

Fatty acids examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic030

Lipids Types: Fats and Oils | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic031

Lipids Types: Phospholipids | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic032

Lipids Types Steroids | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic033

Proteins: Chemical Composition | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic034

Proteins Importance | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic035

Structural Levels of proteins Primary Structure | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic036

Structural Levels of proteins Secondary Structure | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic037

Structural Levels of proteins Tertiary Structure | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic038

Structural Levels of proteins Quaternary Structure | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic039

Nucleotides chemical composition | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic040

Nucleotides Role in cells | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic041

Nucleic Acids DNA | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic042

Nucleic Acids RNA | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic043

Structural Hierarchy in Multicellular Animals | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic044

What is Cell? | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic045

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic046

General Features of Eukaryotic Cells | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic047

Why most of the cells are small? | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic048

Why most of the cells are small? | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic049

Structure of Cell Membranes Fluid Mosaic Model-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic050

Structure of Cell Membranes Fluid Mosaic Model-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic051

Functions of Cell Membranes | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic052

Movements Across Cell Membranes Simple Diffusion | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic053

Across Cell Membranes Facilitated Diffusion | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic054

Movements Across Cell Membranes: Osmosis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic055

Movements Across Cell Membranes Filtration | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic056

Movements Across Cell Membranes Active transport | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic057

Movements Across Cell Membranes Endocytosis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic058

Movements Across Cell Membranes: Endocytosis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic059

Tonicity | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic060

Cytoplasm and Its Functions | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic061

Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic062

Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic063

Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic064

Cytoplasmic Organelles: Lysosomes | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic065

Cytoplasmic Organelles Lysosomes | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic066

Cytoplasmic Organelles Lysosomes | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic067

Cytoplasmic Organelles Vacuoles | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic068

Cytoskeleton I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic069

Cytoskeleton II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic070

Cilia and Flagella: Occurrence and Function | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic071

Cilia and Flagella Structure | Principles of Animal Life | ZOO514T_Topic072

Centrioles | Animal Diversity Invertebrates | ZOO514T_Topic073

Microtubules Organizing Centers | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic074

Nucleus and its Functions | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic075

The Nucleus Nuclear Envelope | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic076

The Nucleus Nucleoplasm | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic077

The Nucleus: Nucleolus | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic078

The Nucleus Chromosomes and Chromatin Material | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic079

Tissues General Concept | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic080

Epithelial Tissues Types and Functions-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic081

Epithelial Tissues Types and Functions-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic082

Connective Tissues Types and Functions-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic083

Connective Tissues Types and Functions-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic084

Muscles Tissues Skeletal muscles | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic085

Muscle Tissues Smooth Muscles | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic086

Muscle Tissues Cardiac Muscles | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic087

Nervous Tissues | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic088

Organ | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic089

Organ System | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic090

Energy, Free Energy | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic091

Laws of Energy Transformation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic092

Activation Energy | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic093

Enzymes Biological Catalysts | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic094

Enzymes Function | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic095

Factor affecting enzyme activity | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic096

Factor affecting enzyme activity | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic097

Cofactors and coenzymes | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic098

Cofactors and coenzymes examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic099

ATP the cells energy currency | Principles of Animal Life-II | ZOO514T_Topic100

substrate level phosphorylation | Principles of Animal Life-II | ZOO514T_Topic101

How cells harvest energy Chemiosmosis | Principles of Animal Life-II | ZOO514T_Topic102

Metabolism | Principles of Animal Life-II | ZOO514T_Topic103

Evolutionary Perspective on Glycolysis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic104

Glycolysis Preparatory Phase | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic105

Glycolysis Preparatory Phase | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic106

Fermentation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic107

Nature of electron transfer Structure of NADH FADH2 | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic108

Krebs cycle-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic109

Krebs cycle-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic110

Electron transport chain-I | Principles of Animal Life-I |ZOO514T_Topic111

Electron transport chain-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic112

ATP Generation/Synthesis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic113

Energy Yield in the Oxidation of Glucose | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic114

Metabolism of fats-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic115

Metabolism of fats-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic116

Metabolism of proteins-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic117

Metabolism of proteins-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic118

Control of metabolism-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic119

Control of metabolism-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic120

Metabolic pool | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic121

Reproduction and Its Importance | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic122

Asexual Reproduction | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic123

Methods of asexual reproduction 2/4 budding | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic124

Methods of asexual reproduction 2/4: budding | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic125

Methods of Asexual Reproduction 3/4 Fragmentation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic126

Methods Asexual Reproduction 4/4 Parthenogenesis-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic127

Methods Asexual Reproduction 4/4 Parthenogenesis-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic128

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic129

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic130

Sexual reproduction | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic131

Internal and External Fertilization | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic132

Hermaphroditism | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic133

Hermaphroditism Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic134

Bisexual Reproduction | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic135

Advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic136

Reproductive strategies in amphibians | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic137

Reproductive strategies in reptiles birds | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic138

Reproductive strategies in mammals | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic139

Examples of reproduction in Fishes and Amphibians | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic140

Examples of reproduction in Reptiles and Birds | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic141

Examples of reproduction in Mammals | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic142

Reproductive Patterns in Animals | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic143

Invertebrate Reproductive system | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic144

Human Male Reproductive System | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic145

Production of Sperms in Human | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic146

Transport of sperms in Human | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic147

Hormonal control of male reproductive Function | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic148

Human Female Reproductive System | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic149

Menstrual Cycle in Human | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic150

Follicle development in human | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic151

Production and Transport of Eggs in Human | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic152

Hormonal Control of Female Reproductive Function | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic153

Historic Perspective of Embryology | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic154

Gametogenesis spermatogenesis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic155

Gametogenesis oogenesis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic156

Types of Eggs | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic157

Fertilization: The Process | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic158

Fertilization Membrane and Cortical Events | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic159

Fertilization Metabolic and Nuclear Events | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic160

Cleavage and its Patterns-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic161

Fertilization The Process | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic162

Echinoderms Embryology General Concepts | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic163

Echinoderms Embryology Cleavage| Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic164

Echinoderms Embryology Morulation and Blastulation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic165

Echinoderms Embryology Gastrulation-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic166

Echinoderms Embryology Gastrulation-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic167

Amphibian embryology General Concepts | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic168

Amphibian embryology Cleavage | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic169

Amphibian embryology Morulation and Blastulation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic170

Amphibian embryology Gastrulation-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic171

Amphibian embryology Gastrulation-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic172

Amphibian embryology Neurulation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic173

Avian embryology General Concepts | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic174

Structure of Avian Egg | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic175

Avian embryology: Cleavage | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic176

Avian embryology Blastulation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic177

Avian embryology Gastrulation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic178

Avian embryology Gastrulation II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic179

Mammalian Embryology General Concept | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic180

Mammalian Embryology: Cleavage and Blastulation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic181

Mammalian Embryology Gastrulation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic182

Hormonal Regulation in Pregnant Female | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic183

Prenatal Development in Human 1st Trimester | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic184

Prenatal Development in Human 2nd Trimester | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic185

Prenatal Development in Human 3rd Trimester | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic186

The Placenta | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic187

Birth in Human | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic188

Multiple Births | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic189

Milk Production and Lactation | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic190

Extraembryonic membranes | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic191

Primary Germ Layers: Ectoderm derivatives | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic192

Primary Germ Layers Endoderm derivatives | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic193

Primary Germ Layers Mesoderm derivatives | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic194

Mechanism of Development Nuclear Equivalence | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic195

Mechanism of Development Cytoplasmic Specification | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic196

Mechanism of Development Embryonic Induction | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic197

Development Protostome vs Deuterostome-I | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic198

Development: Protostome vs Deuterostome-II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic199

Metamorphosis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic200

Holometamorphosis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic201

Hemimetamorphosis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic202

Hierarchy of Ecology | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic203

Biotic and Abiotic Factors of an Ecosystem | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic204

Abiotic Factors Temperature | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic205

Abiotic Factors Moisture | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic206

Abiotic Factors Light | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic207

Abiotic Factors Soil | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic208

Population Growth | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic209

Exponential Growth | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic210

Logistic Population Growth | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic211

Population Density | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic212

R and K selection | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic213

Animal Inactivity | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic214

Interspecific Interactions Competitive Exclusion | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic215

Interspecific Interactions Coexistence | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic216

Interspecific Interactions Coevolution | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic217

Interspecific Interactions symbiosis | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic218

Interspecific Interactions Parasitism | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic219

Interspecific Interactions Predation | Principles of Animal Life-I ZOO514T_Topic220

Interspecific Interactions Commensalism | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic221

Interspecific Interactions Mutualism | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic222

Interspecific Adaptations Camouflage | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic223

Aposematic Coloration and Mimicry | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic224

Community structure | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic225

Community stability | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic226

Ecological Niche | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic227

Food Chains | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic228

Food Chains | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic229

Trophic Structure: producers | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic230

Trophic Structure consumers | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic231

Trophic Structure Decomposer | Principles of Animal Life I | ZOO514T_Topic232

Ecological efficiencies | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic233

Ecological pyramids | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic234

Ecological pyramids Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic235

Energy and Matter Flow in An Ecosystem | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic236

Carbon cycle | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic237

Carbon cycle II | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic238

Nitrogen cycle | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic239

Nitrogen cycle | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic240

Phosphorus cycle | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic241

Sulfur Cycle | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic242

Water cycle | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic243

Biosphere and its Subdivision | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic244

Ecosystem and Biome | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic245

Tundra Ecosystem | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic246

Tundra Ecosystem Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic247

Coniferous forests | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic248

Coniferous forests Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic249

Temperate deciduous forests | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic250

Temperate deciduous forests Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic251

The Grassland | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic252

The Grassland Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic253

Chaparral | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic254

Chaparral examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic255

Desert ecosystem | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic256

Desert ecosystem: Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic257

Tropical rain forests | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic258

Tropical rain forests Examples | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic259

Freshwater ecosystem lotic | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic260

Freshwater ecosystem Lentic | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic261

Marine Ecosystem Estuaries | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic262

Marine Ecosystem Intertidal Zone | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic263

Marine Ecosystem Neritic Ecosystem | Principles of Animal Life-I ZOO514T_Topic264

Marine Ecosystem Oceanic Ecosystem | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic265

Marine Ecosystem Coral Reefs | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic266

Ecological Problems Human Population Growth | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic267

Ecological Problems Pollution | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic268

Ecological Problems Resource Depletion | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic269

Ecological Problems Biodiversity Loss | Principles of Animal Life-I | ZOO514T_Topic270